Safety controlling mechanism for compressing machines



Feb. 20, 1923.

A 1,445,751. G. P. CARROLL.

SAFETY CONTROLLING MECHANISM FOR COMPRESSINGMACHINES.

FILED DEC-31. I9lT.

INVENTOR.

Patented-Felt. 20, 1923;

- for Compressing To all whom it may concern:

citizen of the United States,

UNITEDSTATE-4S. P T NT eme g- GEORGE 1'=. .eAR'RoLLQo'r HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.-

sarnrr CONTROLLING MECHANISM roa comrnnssme monmns.

ap l catio filed December 31, 1917. Serial No. 209,670.

CARRoLL, a

residing at Hartford, in. the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Safety Controlling Mechanism Machines, of which the following is a specificatio In the construction shown in Figs. 1-5, this application is a continuation of certain matters disclosed in my pending applications Ser. Nor-126,019, filed Oct. 16, 1916, entitled Safety construction for-refrigerant and other fluid circulating apparatus, and Ser. No. 146,147, filed Feb. 2, 1917, entitled Safety controlling mechanism for compressing machines. present invention relates to improvements in electrically operated means for controlling the operation of machines that draw in a fluid in a gaseous 0r vaporous state and at a low pressure, compress it and force it at high pressure into a condenser where the heat of compression is carried away, with or without a resulting liquefaction of the fluid. The compressing machine employed Be it known that I, GEORGE P.

1 for such purpose more commonly, although not exclusively, is some form of force pump, called a compresslon machine or compressor, one form of such compressor being'hereln shown. In the construction of Fig. Gthere is disclosed a detail modification thatmay be used, by way of substitution for similar parts, in connection with any of the forms of construction set forth in my aforesaid application Ser. No. 146,147.

the term condenser comprises so much of the apparatus as leads from the discharge valve of the compressing-machine and contains the fluid under high pressure whether in a non-liquefied or in a liquefied state. The fluids circulated in the manner indi cated include ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulphur ,dioxide, air and numerous others.

ere the condensed fluid is led from the condenser through a small orifice, so that it can expand and takeup heat,'th e compressing machine is known as a refrigerating machine. But theconditions to which my invention-applies also exist in 'construc-- tions where the fluid islet off from the condenser into containers for transportation and use at a distance. Inasmuch, however, as a refrigerating. machlne clrculating ammonia as the refrlgerant is the construction This part of my s herein used,

bolted to their. plate 1l,'bolted to, the top of the plate 1,

under side,

ated as normally to maintain a'predetermlned head or condenser pressure and that in case of an excessive operating pressure, tending to become dangerous, arising in the condenser or high pressure side, the operation of the compressing machine will be interrupted. -The means for accomplishing these-purposes will be hereinafter set forth;

There are certain detail improvements of construction that will also so appear.

In the drawings, F ig. 1 is a representa! tion, partially in front elevation and partially in vertical section, of part of the first form of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the right end of the main lever shown in the preceding figure and its connections, broken away. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic rep.- resentation of the structure of the preceding figures in connection "with' an electrically g riven compression refrigerating system.

4 is a front elevation and Fig. 5 is a I plan view of an'alternative form of emer-- I gency device, with certain related parts, that may be used in place of certain other parts shown in the preceding figures. Fig. 6 is a partial vertical section and a partial front elevation of an alternative form of' water reservoir caslng and starter that may be used in place oflike named partsshown;

in 1 and 3. y v

First considering the construction of Figs.

13: A back plate 1, which may be bolted to any convenient vertical surface, has project ing from-its front lower part brackets 2 and 3 and from its right hand part a bracket 4.

The brackets 2, 3 and 4 are so formed, with a semi-circular concave face in ;each,'as'to hold casings-5, 6 and 7, respectively, secured p in place by straps 8, 9 and 10, respectively, assoclated brackets. A top projects 'frontward and has secured to' its at the ,rlght, anangle bracket 12.

A bell crank lever 13 is pivoted to the vertical part of the bracket 12.; it has a horizonioo tal arm extending to the right; it has a finger projecting to the left; and it has a depending vertical arm with a catch on the left side at the lower end. A flat spring 14, secured to the horizontal part of the bracket 12, bears upon the upper right end of the horizontal arm of the lever 13 so as to tend to rotate the lever clockwise. An insulating block 15 is secured to the central lower part of the plate 11 and has on its under side conducting blocks 16 and 17, spaced a little way apart. From the right end of the block 16 there depends a pivot post 18 and from the block 17 there depends a split sliding contact post 19. A switch arm 20 is pivoted to the lower end of the post 18; it is adapted, as shown, when elevated to make a sliding contact between the split parts at the lower end of the post 19; it has an insulated section just to the right of the post 19; it has a right end adaptedfor engagement with the catch of the lever 13 just below its finger so as to be held in contact with the post 19; and it has a depending handle near to its right end. A pin 21 prevents the arm 20 from dropping toofar after disengaging from the post 19.:

The parts 1221 constitute the first form of emergency device. The left end of the block 16 has acontact surface on the underside. A contact block 22 is secured to the left under side of the plate 1, but is insulated therefrom.

The casing 5, which is a reservoir casing, at the bottom fits into and rests upon the bracket 2 and is closed on top by a quite flexible diaphragm 23, which may be of rubber, or phosphor bronze, or other suitable material. The central part of the diaphragm'23 supports a disc 24, secured to the lower end of a rod 25. A compression spring 26 surrounds the lower part of the rod 25, bears at its lower end against the disc 24 and bears at its upper end against the under side of a cover casing 27 that is bolted to the casing 5, so as to clamp the circumference of the diaphragm 23. The top of the rod 25 is insulated and carries above the insulation a switch 28, adapted to make contacts with the blocks 16 and 22 and to connect them. A collar 29, secured to the rod 25, is adapted to rest on top of the casing 27, as shown, so as to limit the downward movement of the connected reciprocating parts. The thrust of the spring 26 is sufficient to open the switch 28,. unless overcome by a stronger pressure of water exerted upward upon the under side of the diaphragm 23. The upward movement of the parts connected with the switch 28 is limited by the disc 24 striking the casing 27 as the switch, which is a leaf switch, closes. The parts 28, 25, 29, 27, 26 and 24 constitute the first form ofstarter.

The casing 6 at the bottom fits into and rests upon the bracket 3 and at its upper left side connects with a horizontal coupling 30,

leading from the lower right side of the casing 5. An outlet passage leads downward through the bottom of the casing 6 and is of the same diameter as the passage from the interior of the casing 5 through the coupling 30 into the casing 6. A threaded opening in the top of the casing 6, in axial alinement with the outlet passage of the casing, is closed by a nut plug 31, having a stufiing box recess at the top. A throttling valve 32 has a convexcircumference and a flat top and is ofa diameter so much less than the diameter of the outlet of the casing 6 that, when the valve is in the position shown at the top of the outlet or is in anylower position, the annular sp-aeeg'between the valve and the wall of the outlet will permit of a flow of water about sufficient for the minimum requirements, as will be later explained. A stem 33 is secured to the upper center of the valve 32, passes upward through an opening in the plug 31 and is threaded around the top. Packing 34, in the stutfing box of the plug 31, surrounds the stem 33 and is secured in place surrounds the extension of the nut 35 and,

bears at its lower end upon the main part of the nut and at its upper end upon the under side of a collar 37, detachably secured to the stem 33. With the parts in the positions shown, the collar compresses the spring 36, but does not quite strike the extension of the nut 35. If the collar 37 should be forced downward so as to rest upon the extension of the nut 35, the efl'ect simply would be, by means of the stem 33, to force the valve 32 a little further down'in the outlet passage of the casing 6, without lessening the flow therethrough. And any further downward:

movement of the valve 32 would be limited by the collar 37 striking the extension of the nut 35. A sleeved head 38, having a central threaded opening extending from top to bottom, surrounds the threaded top of the stem 33 and is held in a predetermined position of adjustment by a lock nut 39 at its lower end. While the ultimate downward movement of the valve 32 is limited, as just stated, by the collar 37 striking the extension of the nut 35, up to that limit the extent of the possible downward movement of the valve, in the course of operation to be described, may be varied by adjustments up or down of the head 38 and the collar 39. The upward movement of the valve 32 is limited by its striking against the under side of the plug 31. The thrust of the spring 36 is sufiicient to force the parts 37, 33, 38 and 32 upward into the position where the valve 32 is in contact with the plug 31, unless overcome by a stronger force applied downward upon the head 38. When the valve 32 is forced upward, even before it reaches the plug 31, the passage through the valve or supply means,

casing 6 is open to the maximum. The parts 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39 and 38 con-. stitute one form of vwater regulator.

A pipe 40 is to be connected to lead from a source of cooling water, such as the streetmains, into the lower left side of the casing 5 and is controlled by any approved kind of the valve 41 being a diagrammatic representation of such means. he capacity of the pipe 40 and the valve 41 is considerably greater than the capacity of the coupling and the passages leading therefrom, even with the valve 32 in its highest position, so that, however much may be the outflow from the casing 5, the inflow into the casing, under normal conditions of flow when the valve is open, will force upward the diaphragm 23 and the connected reciprocating parts so as to close the switch 28. And this result cannot be affected. by any throttling of the flow of water at any point beyond the casing 6.

. its axial The casing 7, widely flanged so as to form a shallow chamberon top, at the bottom fits into and rests upon the bracket 4;: it has a small vertical'passage' through center; and it has stops 42 at the top of the passage extending upward within the chamber. A diaphragm 43, preferably of very thin Wanadium steel, near its circumference rests upon a ring at the top of Y outside of the sure. An upper .fits over so much of the the casing7 and at its circumference rests upon an annular gasket 44, preferably of a soft lead, lying on the downwardly sloping rim of the casing just outside the ring. The diaphragm 43 may be forced downward at the center, as shown, until it there rests upon the stops 42. Thereare passages be tween the stops 42 so that fluid under pressure may betransmitted back and forth between the space under the diaphragm 43 stops and the passage at the axial center of the casing. The diaphragm 43 is preferably of vanadium steel because that materialremains intact under high pressure and is also freely'responsive in its movements to veryslight changes of presc'asing 45 has a flange that diaphragm 43 as rests upon thecasing 7 and the gasket 44 and it has at its'extreme circumference an annular tongue enclosing the outer vertical surfaces of the diaphragmand the gasket. By means of bolts 46 clamped together at their; circumferences and press the, edge of the diaphragm 43 and i the gasket 44 down upon the casing, the

gasket being originally a little higher than the-rim of the casing. The, casing .45 has in its under side a shallow chamber of equal, diameter with the chamber in the top .ofthe-ca'sin -7;- it has at its-axial center a cylindrical c amber extending upward from the; shallow chamber nearly [to the ytop';

is a similar lug with the casings 7 and 45 are i center extending through the top; and it has a space to the lower right hand side of the cylindrical chamber from which a horizontal shaft passage extends through the rear wall. A reciprocating member 47 has a flange at the lower end resting upon the center of the diaphragm 43 and of a diameter greater than that of the stops 42; above its flange it is adapted to reciprocate within the lower end of the cylindrical chamber in the casing 45; and it has in the part so reciprocating a transverse pamage extending from left to right. Just as the stops 42 limit the downward movement of the center of the; diaphragm 43 and of the member 47 resting upon the diaphragm,

so the upward movement of the member would be limited, in case of extremely high pressure on the under side of the diaphragm, by its flange striking the wall of the casing 45 around the lower end of the cylindricalchamber therein. A heavy compression spring 48 occupies the upper end of the cylindrical chamber in the casing 45 and it bears, at vthe lower end, upon the top of the member 47 and, at the upper end, upon the head of a threaded bolt 49 passing upward through the passage in the top of the casing 45. The end of the bolt 49 above and outside of the casing 45 has a}. square wrench section whereby the bolt may be turned up or down and it is held in any desired position by a lock nut 50 just above the top of the casing 45. It is evident that, upon loosening the nut .50, the bolt 49 may be screwed downward so as to increase the thrust of the spring 48, or it may be screwed upward so as to decrease the thrust. A cap 51 screws around the threaded top of the casing 45,-which is of reduced diameter, and over the nut 50 and the exposed end of the bolt to the right of the lower end of the cap 51 is a lug with a transverse hole through it and projecting to the right of the top of the casin 45, just under the former lug,

' a transverse hole through it. A wire may be passed through the ho'lesof the lugs of the cap 51 and the casing '45 and then sealed, as shown, so as 49. Projecting to prevent any tampering with the bolt 49 and the nut 50 after theyhave been adjusted.

A rock shaft 52 is journaled at its rear end in the front end of a support 53, extending frontw'ard from the plate 1; it enters the rear wall ofthe casing 45 through a stufling box gland nut 54; it has secured to its front end within the casing a short lever 55 that;

has its, free end 'withinthe recess of, the

member 47. Along lever56 is secured tothe shaft 52 between the nut 54 and the support 53 and at its outer end is adapted.

to bear successively upon the head 3x3 and the under side of the outer end of the horizontal arm of the lever 13. The parts l656 constitute one form of controller.

From the casing 6 condenser water piping 57 leads downward into the lower left end of a condenser tank 58, coils upward therein and emerges from its upper left end. A

" pipe 59 connects the casing 7 with the top pounds.

it a relief valve 67. The valve 67 in prac-' tice has its discharge leading into the atmosphere outside of the plant. The'old practice was to set a relief valve, such as the valve 67, to discharge at a pressure of 300 The recent and better practice requires such a valve to begin to open at 250 pounds pressure and to be fully open at 27 5 pounds pressure. The piping 57, after emerging from the tank 58, enters the water jacket of the compressor 65; and from the opposite upper part of the water'jacket a pipe 68 discharges to waste.

From a generator 69, a wire 70 leads to the upper one of a series of contacts 71 connected to one another by divisional or subresistances.- An arm 72 is pivoted near its left end, but is insulated from the pivot; it is pivoted near its center to a solenoid core 73, but is insulated therefrom; and at its right end it operates, upon the energization of the core, to make contact with the contacts 71, in ascending order, so as to cut out the resistances between the contacts successively. A dash pot device 74 is pivoted to the left end of the arm 72 and is operative to retard the upward movement of the right end of the arm. From-the arm 72, near its pivot, a wire 75 leads to an electric motor 76, c0nnected for driving the compressor 65; and from the motor a wire 77 leads througha point 78 back to the generator 69. From the wire 70, a resistance 79 leads to a branch wire 80, which'leads to the block 17. From the block 22, a wire 81 leads to a solenoid winding 82, adapted to energize the core- 73. From the winding 82 a wire 83 leads to the point 78. The parts 71, 7-2, 73, 7t and 82 constitute one form of starting rheostat, commonly termed a self starter, any such rheostat being adapted to close the circuit of a motor, but tending to open the circuit. T am not to be understood as being limited to any particular form of such rheostat. The compressor 65 represents a compressor of any type and of any capacity and is one form of forcing means for forcing fluid into a condenser.

The method of operation is as follows: Let it be assumed that 160 pounds is the desired head pressure to be maintained, as will be indicated by the gage 60. In the cooler months of the year, when the condensing water is cool, and with the compressor 65 operating at a low back pressure, that is to say with an adjustment of the valve 62 such that the gas coming from the pipe 6 is of low pressure, so as to result in a minimum load for the compressor, the quantity of Water flowing past the valve 32 in the position shown will be about sufficient to maintain. a head pressure of 160 pounds, as will be explained. It the quantity of water flowing past the valve 32 is a little too much, the only effect will be that, under the minimum requirementsindicated, a little lower head pressure will be maintained and a little more condensing water will be used than will be. strictly necessary. And such a condition could be easily rectified by substituting a valve 32 of larger'diameter. If on the other hand, the quantity of water flowing past the valve 32 in the position shown is not enough for the minimum requirements, the only elfect will be that the valve will be lifted automatically, as will be explained, sufiiciently to maintain a predetermined head pressure, a little earlier than otherwise. llt is also assumed that the condenser is of sufi'icient capacity to cool the hot gas discharged through the pipe 66 into the tank 58 under the maximum requirements of operation, that is to say in the heat of summer, with the condensing water at the warmest, and with a high back pressure. Then, as also assumed, the passages through the coupling 30 andthe casing 6, withthe valve 32 sufficiently lifted, are sufficient to transmit the maximum quantity of water required by the condenser. p 117 Now assume that the compressor 65 is to be operated under conditions requiring the minimum flow of condensing water. @n opening the valve t1, Water rushes into the casing 5 and in part flows through the 115 coupling 30, the casing-6 and the piping 57, so as to cool the interior of the tank 58, and discharges at the outlet end of the pipe 68. But the part of the water entering the casing 5, and unable to flow away, presses up- 124) ward upon the diaphragm 23 so as to close the switch 28. Thereupon a current passes from the generator69 through the. parts 7 O,

79, 80, l7, 19, 20, 18, 16,28, 22, 81, 82, 83, 78 and 77 back to the generator so as to ener- 1125 gize the core 73. Consequently the arm 72 makes contact with the contacts 71, cutting out successive resistances, until the full current passes from the generator 69 through c the parts 70, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77 and. 78 back rec to the generator and, as a result, the motor is counteracted by (6 and the compressor 65 are running at full speed. The compressor 65 now draws expanded ammonia from the pipe 64 and forces it under high pressure through the pipe 66 into the tank 58. The temperature and pressure in the tank 58 consequently tend to rise very greatly, but this tendency the cooling effect of the water flowing through the piping 57 so that the ammonia in the lower part of the tank is liquefied. With the withdrawal of expanded ammonia from the pipe 64 into the compressor 65, the pressure in the chamber 63 tends to drop, so that liquid ammonia from the tank 58 and, the pipe 61 passes the I valve 62, and, vaporizing, produces the desired refrigerating effect in the compartment, not. shown, which. encloses the chamber. The'same resultswould follow with a plurality of expansion chambers in parallel, each provided with its own expansion valve. When it is desired to terminate the period of refrigeration, the valve 41 is closed, so that no more water can enter'the casing- 5.

' But as water still flows away through the piping 57, a vacuumte'nds to be created under the diaphragm 23 and the spring 26- opens'the switch 28. The core thus de-energized,. the arm 72 contacts 71 in dethereupon 73 being makes contact with the scending order, throwing in thesuccessive resistances, until finally all current-is shut off and the motor. 76 andthe compressor 65 begin to'slow down and finally stop; But while the motor 76 and the compressor 65 are slowing down, shut off, the compressor isstill discharging hot gas intothecondenser. If,--under such circumstances, the flow of water through the piping 57 'had been simultaneously shut off, the tendency would have been to create a head pressure high enough to open the valve 67 and thus to release some of the ammonia charge, or, if the valve 67 wereomitted, to

roduce a dangerous pressure in the system.

ut this tendency, in my construction, is counteracted by the: provlsion of the reservoir, consisting of the part of the pipe 40 to the right of the valve 41, the parts5, 23, 30 and 31 and the upper part of the casing 6, draining into the lower part of the casing 6 and the piping 57, being of any necessary or proper capacity and continuing to supply Water to the piping between the time when the current is shut ofi and the time when to rest.

' of water entering the reservoir.

'the motor- 76 and the-compressor 65 come It also will happen from time to time that, while the valve 41 is open, there will be an accidental interruption of the flow after the current has been .pIf S' ur-e of 160 pounds.

' piping gets foul,

is too small'ior is Here,

same results, in shutting off the current and 'in providing from the reservoir a supply of water until the motor 76 and the compressor 65 come to rest, as does the closing of the valve 41. But, in this case of an accidental interruption of the water supply, when the water again flows into the casing 5, the upward pressure on the diaphragm 23 closes the switch 28 and automatically starts the motor 76 and the compressor.j65. It is also to be noted that whenever a flow of water is admitted to the reservoir, water begins to flow into the piping 57 before pressing upon the diaphragm 23, thus making certain some cooling of the condenser before it'begins to spring 48, so as to rotate the shaft 52 and.

the lever 56 slightly upward. The effect is that, as the lever 56 tends to cease pressing on the head 38, the spring 36 tends to act on the collar 37 so as to lift the valve 32.' More water thereupon tends to flow to the condenser, the pressure on the diaphragm 43 tends to lessen and the spring 48'tends to force downward its controlled parts so as to depress the valve 32 and to diminish the flow of water past it. A11 equilibrium is thus-established so as to maintain the head The primary ad- ]ustment is made by means of the bolt 49 and'thenut 50 and the secondary adjustment, so as to maintain the particular head pressure desired, is made 38 and the nut 39 up or down. After the primaryadjustment had been made, the cap 51 and the casing 45 would properly be sealed, ashas been indicated, and then any operator of the machine would be free to' or closing thevalve 41 and upon a cessation of the water su described. v I v Such is the normal .course' of operation. Butit sometimes happens that the condenser or non-condensable gases ply is the same as has been by turning the head find lodgrnent in thecondenser, or it develops asthe summer comes. on thatthe condenser.

water is insuificientto prevent 'anabnormal head pressure. regulator and the controller are so'a justed that the "head pressure is normally mainimproperly designed, so; that even the maximum flow--ofcondensing Suppose "thatthe water v turned on and compressorcombinations,

pression spring 101- surrounds the rod 99, at its upper end bears upon the under side of the guide 100 and at its lower end bears upon the upper side of a nut 102, threaded upon the rod and secured in place by a lo'ck nut 103.' The spring 101.always tends to open the switch 28, but yields to an. upward movement of the head of the. bellows S )8, in response to the pressure of water on the under side thereof, so as to close the switch. This last construction may be used as a substitute for the parts 5, 23, 24, 25, 26,27 and 29 already considered. The circumstances under which the switch 28, in both construe tlons, is opened, and the operating effect of actuation, are precisely the same.

I-am not to any particular kind of water reservoir and to any particular means whereby, on a rise of the liquid level therein, the power is to the forcing means and whereby, on a fall ofsuch level, such power is turned off. Nor am I limited to anyparticular kind of water regulator, or controller, or emergency device, It is to be noted,

that the water regulator and the. emergency device are controlled, through the medium of the controller, broadly speaking, by the he ad'pressure of the apparatus. The starting rheostat composed of the parts 71, 72, 73, 4 and 82 is to be taken as representative of the starting-rheostats of all electric motor the compressors in such combinations having refrigerating capacities-ranging from a fraction of a ton up to,300 tons or over. In nearly all such rheostats, the closing of a. branch circuit operates, by much greater complexity, to cut out suc' cessive resistances and to-turn on the full current and the breaking ofthe branch circuit, by permitting an opening tendency to have full efi'ect, operates shut off the ourrent com 'letely.

What I to have protected by Letters Patent is expressed in claims as follows: I claim:

1. In a condensing apparatus, a gas condenser, a conduit for supplying water to cool the condenser, a valve positioned in the conduit, means operative on the valve with anincrease of condenser-pressure to increase the flow through the'conduit and with a'decrease of such pressure to decrease such flow,

two electric conductors, and means operative with a rise of water ressure inadvance of the valve to connect t ,e conductors and on a fall of such water pressure to-disconnect them.

,2. In a condensing apparatus, a gas condenser, a water reservoir, an outlet conduit leading from the reservoir downward to the condenser, a valve positioned in the conduit,

means operative on the valve with an increase of condenser pressure to increase the to be understood as being limited on a rise of means of mechanism usually of haveinvented andwhat I desire flow through the conduit and with a decrease of such pressure to'decrease such flow, two electric conductors, and means operative on a filling of the reservoir by water under pressureto connect the conductors and on a fall of such water pressure to disconnect them..

3. In a condensing apparatus, a gas con-- denser, a conduit for supplying water to cool the condenser, a' valve positioned in the conduit, two electric conductors, an emergency switch for connecting and disconnecting the conductors, means operative on the valve with a decrease of condenser pressure to decrease the flow through the conduit, with an 80 increase of such pressure to increase such flow and upon a predetermined increase of such pressure to open said switch, a third conductor adapted for connection in series with one of the former conductors, a second switch for soconnecting the third conductor or disconnecting it, and means operating water pressure in advance of the valve to close the second switch and on a fall of such water pressure to open it.

4. In a condensing apparatus, a gas condenser, a conduit for supplying water to cool I the conduit, a valve positioned in the conduit, two electric conductors, an emergency switch for connecting and disconnecting the conductors, means operative on the ,valve with a decrease of condenser pressure to decrease the flow through the conduit, with an increase of such pressure to increase such flow, upon an abnormal increase of such pressure to open said switch and upon a return of such pressure to normal toclose the switch, a third conductor adapted for con-" nection in series with one of the former conductors, a second switch torso connecting the third conductor or disconnectingit, and means operatin ona rise of water pressure in advance of tire valve to close the second switch and upon a fall of such water pressure toopen it. 110

5. In a condensing apparatus, a gas-condenser, a conduit for supplying water to cool the condenser, .a valve device controlling the conduit, two electric conductors, an

emergency switch for connectingand dis- 12s 6. In a condensin apparatus, a gas condenser, a conduit or supplying water to cool the condenser, a valve device controlling the conduit, two electric wnductors, an emergency switch for connecting and discrease of such pressure to open said switch and upon a return of such pressure to normal to close said switch.

7. In combination, a condenser, electrically operated forcing means for forcing fluid into the condenser, conductors adapted to be connected in series and to be disconnected, means, permitting the operation of the forcing means when the conductors are so connected and preventing such operation when they are disconnected, a gravity switch on being tilted forward disconnecting the conductors, and a controller controlled by the head pressure and tilting the switch forward upon a predetermined rise of head pressure.

8. In combination, a condenser, electrically operated forcing means for forcing fluid into the condenser, conductors adapted to be connected in series and to be disconnected, means permitting the operation of the forcing means when the conductors are so connected and preventing such operation when they are disconnected, a gravity switch on being tilted forward disconnecting the conductors and on being tilted backward connecting them again, and a controller controlled by the head pressure and tilting the switch forward upon a predetermined rise of head pressure and backward upon a predetermined fall of head pressure.

9. ln combination. a condenser, water supply piping therefor, electrically operated forcing means forforcing fluid into the condenser, conductors adapted to be connected in series and to be disconnected, means permitting the operation of the foreing means when a supply of water under pressure is available for the piping and when the conductors are so connected and preventing such operation, either upon a fall of the water pressure or if the conductors are disconnected, a gravity switch on being tilted forward disconnecting the conductors, and a controller controlled by the head pressure and tilting the switch forward upon a predetermined ri% of head pressure.

10. In combination, a condenser, water supply piping therefor, electrically operated forcing means for forcing fluid into the condenser, conductors adapted to be connected in series and to be disconnected, means permitting the operation of the forcing means when a sup-ply of water under pressure is available for the piping and when the conductors are so connected and preventing such operation either upon a fall of the water pressure or if the conductors are disconnected, a gravity switch on -being tilted forward disconnecting the conductors and on being tilted backward con-- necting them again, and a controller controlled by the head pressure and tiltin the switch forward upon a predetermine rise of head pressure and backward upon a predetermined fall of head pressure.

GE ORGE P. CARROLL.

Witnesses:

EDWARD DANIEL CooeAN, JANE S. CooeAN. 

